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Arf
Challenge
Thus, as transactions scale, MSBs require increasing amounts of pre-funding capital in order to keep balances in accounts across different countries before the payment actually arrives. The amount of pre-funding capital needed to facilitate large flows of cross-border payments is often inaccessible to new entrants such as challenger and neo-banks, barring much-needed innovation from the industry.1 Even large companies and unicorns struggle; they have to constantly go to liquidity providers or banks to ask for more money as they try to keep up with demand.